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Europe · Regional jurisdictionEU

European Union

Regional enforcement intelligence across EU institutions and national authorities

European Commission (competition); EDPB and national supervisory authorities (data protection)·European Commission / EDPB

GDPRTFEU Articles 101 and 102
Varies by regime
Enforcement
Statute-specific
Penalty basis
Not available
Avg investigation
Not available
Cases tracked
Not available
Total fines

Enforcement profile

EU enforcement involves different institutions depending on the legal framework. Competition cases may be handled by the European Commission, while GDPR enforcement is carried out by national supervisory authorities with EU-level coordination through the EDPB. Investigation timelines and penalties therefore vary by regime and case.

The European Commission investigates and enforces EU competition rules alongside national competition authorities and courts.
National data protection authorities enforce the GDPR; the EDPB supports consistent application and resolves certain cross-border disputes through binding decisions.
This regional profile complements national profiles. It does not treat the EDPB as the authority imposing every national GDPR fine.

Notable enforcement decisions

Google AndroidEU competition2018

The European Commission imposed a fine over restrictions involving Android devices that strengthened Google Search dominance. Amount shown is the original Commission fine, not a statement of the current appeal outcome.

Official decision announcement
€4.34B (original decision)
Google ShoppingEU competition2017

The European Commission fined Google for favouring its own comparison-shopping service in search results. Amount shown is from the original Commission decision.

Official decision announcement
€2.42B (original decision)

Active regulations

GDPR
TFEU Articles 101 and 102

Enforcement data is based on publicly available decisions and may not reflect every action, appeal, reduction, or subsequent court ruling. Fine amounts are shown as reported at the time of the decision. This information is for intelligence purposes and does not constitute legal advice.